Assessment Tools (Scales)
- Pain Scales
When a patient is able to use a 'Self-Reporting Pain Scale' to report how much pain he or she is feeling, this is called a pain 'Self-Report'. Example of Self-Reporting Scales include:- Numerical Rating Scale (NRS): 0 -10
- Face Pain Scales, e.g., Wong-Baker FACES
- Verbal Descriptior Scales
- CRIES
- OPS
- FLACC
-
Multilanguage Self-Reporting Pain Scales
Instructions for using NRS and FACES pain scales are available in many languages. Refer to the English translation for the actual instructions. - Observational / Behavioral Tools: These tools are used when patients are unable to provide a pain intensity rating score.
- NPASS (Neonatal Pain and Sedation Scale)
- CRIES: newborn to 6 months
- OPS (Objective Pain Scale): 6 months to 3 years
- FLACC (Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability):
- CPOT Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (English & Spanish)
- RASS and CAM-ICU Worksheet
- Hierarchy of Pain Assessment Techniques: Assume Pain Present (APP)
APP is an assessment method that can be sued when patients are unable to provide a pain intensity rating score, e.g., patients who- Only answer 'yes' or 'no' when asked about the presence of pain
- Are unconscious or unresponsive
APP identifies the possibility that pain is present; no pain score is obtained when this method is used.
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